How to teach the value of money

Learning the value of money can be so much more than a game for children. Passing on the values of economy to them can bring them values such as responsibility, collaboration, saving, learning to negotiate, or even entrepreneurship.

 

Experts recommend starting to talk about private and family financial management from the age of seven, when children can become aware that the ATM does not give money because it is magical, but because adults, with their work, earn it and keep it in the bank.

It is within the family that the first values about money are learned. Today, most children in our society have grown up in a consumerist system that has made them used to having it all, and having it all now. In this sense, the first lesson to be learned is that access to money is limited to one’s own productive capacity. They need to be taught to see the value of living within their limitations, and to be aware from a very young age that knowing how to spend is as important as knowing how to save.

Children and teenagers, the great consumers

Montse Junyent, educated in business management and administration, advises passing on to children the value of money, which is hard to earn and must be used ethically. Show them, from an early age, that all the decisions we make have an economic impact, from buying and accumulating toys, to the practice of buying and throwing, food waste, or even the use of plastic bags. Children can understand that one of these bags can end up in the sea and take four hundred and fifty years to disintegrate. Make them aware that the Earth is finite, and we must take responsibility and take care of it through sustainable consumption actions. Adults and children must be consistent with this idea and act responsibly in all areas, in our relationship with people, with the environment, with the world, or with our way of consuming.

Junyent also defends the economy of the common good, with the aim of “contributing to the construction of a more sustainable and fair life system”. She is committed to “transmitting and publicizing sustainable alternative economic models and helping children to grow as committed people, with criteria, information, and a desire to change what they do not like.” That is, to give children all the tools that allow them to be independent and make their own decisions, based on values such as commitment, sustainability, honesty, innovation, and creativity.

Values that can be passed on in many ways, including through games or stories, and that begin in school. Sustainability, for example, is one of the issues of most concern today, and therefore much talked about within the education system. On the other hand, according to Junyent, children are not taught to talk about economics from an ethical and responsible point of view as much as they should.

The value of money through pay

Many parents have doubts about whether to give money to their children. They often wonder when they should start giving their children allowance, and what the ideal amount is.

Allowance can be an important way of teaching children how to manage and value money, a learning that will serve them well in the future. There is no set age to start using money, but it is essential that when they do, they understand its value and the importance of saving.

Some parents associate pay with doing household chores, a view that many questions, arguing that all members of the family should collaborate in this type of activity. Whatever the mentality, the point is that the model of education that the child receives must be coherent. Therefore, it is not a question of whether to pay or not, but to find the perfect formula for learning through values.

Suggesting to children what they should spend their allowance on

As the child gets older, the allowance can be increased, always depending on the use that is made of it. It is important to suggest to children what they should spend it on, taking into account their wishes and the need they have for the product in question. Beyond avoiding the purchase of products that may not benefit them, it is important to establish a fluid conversation, without imposing anything, where we make them see the consequences of each of their purchases. It will also be a good time to show them new forms of consumption, always opting for a sustainable consumption model, which can provide a real benefit and for as long as possible over time, and for them to understand, in short, that money is there to make their lives easier and that using it unconsciously can lead to negative situations.

We usually start this teaching at around five or six years of age, although it can also be beneficial to do so at preschool age. For example, you can show them how picking up their toys can have a reward, whether in the form of a treat or something else, the point is to learn that if our actions have a positive impact, we will be rewarded. And maybe at first it will be through material things, or when we start working it will be through money, but over the years this teaching will mean that the best reward is the one we make for ourselves, based on our own values.

Teaching to save and share

A good way to show the importance of saving can be to divide the money that the child receives, from an early age, into two parts. The first is in the form of a piggy bank that they can keep at home, where they can keep all the money that can be spent, which would be the daily economy. On the other hand, you can have a bank account where you can put money for future savings. In this way, he will create a relationship with money from both perspectives and understand its importance.

Another important learning will be about sharing. Money does not have to be an individual possession, it can also be shared. An idea that may seem controversial socially, as we relate to money from the point of view of possession and, therefore, it individualises it. Educating children in this issue will allow them to experience this relationship from another point of view, with a more collective vision and social responsibility. It is important to show, by example, that money can be a tool to help others, from making donations to the most disadvantaged to shopping in a specific shop where the profits are used for social projects. There are many ways to help, and it is worth instilling this habit in children and young people.

In conclusion, children need to be taught clear lessons about money, and the best way will always be through practice, copying the behaviours they see at home. Therefore, parents should be the example of this learning, teaching them not to buy on impulse, but to plan their goals, both in the short and long term. When the time is right, they can be encouraged to do small paid chores, and if approached from an educational point of view, giving them pay can become a decisive way of teaching children to manage and value money, a lesson that can mark their lives. Finally, and taking into account the weight that the new generations carry for the future, focus on teaching based on the construction of a more sustainable and fairer system of life for all.

 

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Technology, digitalisation, sustainability and the holistic well-being of workers will play a key role in shaping many jobs in the next five years. Analytical and creative thinking will continue to be the most important skills for employees in this evolving workplace.

 

The World Economic Forum’s latest Future of Jobs Report analyses how socio-economic and technology trends will shape the workplace of the near future. It brings together the perspectives of 803 companies employing more than 11.3 million people across 45 countries throughout the world.

The pandemic spurred a transformation of the workplace through teleworking, remote team management, migration of information to the cloud, implementation of new cybersecurity measures and online sales and customer service. Changing worker and consumer expectations and the urgent need for a green and energy transition are also reshaping the composition of the workforce and stimulating demand for new occupations and skills.

IT and technology professionals have led the change over the past three years. Job profiles within the ecosystem of Big Data, machine learning and the constant implementation of new digital solutions are assured to be in demand.

Regardless, one of the main conclusions of the study is that while the adoption of new technologies will continue to be the key driver of business transformation over the next five years, any investment in technology made by companies needs to be matched by an equivalent investment in people.

 

Macrotrends and technology adoption

The fastest-growing jobs will continue to be those related to new technologies. Specifically, artificial intelligence and machine learning experts top the list, followed by sustainability specialists, business intelligence analysts and information security analysts.

The sustainability sector will also play a prominent role. Jobs in renewable energy engineering and solar energy systems installations will continue to experience relatively rapid growth as economies accelerate their transformation to renewable energy.

On the other hand, the evolution of new technologies and digitalisation will negatively affect some office jobs, such as secretarial jobs, bank tellers, postal services, ticket agents and data entry jobs. Relatively repetitive jobs that require little creativity and can be replaced by artificial intelligence.

 

Analytical and creative thinking

Analytical thinking is considered a core competency by more companies than any other competency and constitutes, on average, 9% of the core competencies desired by companies. It is followed by creative thinking, ahead of personal performance-related skills such as resilience, flexibility and agility.

Reliability and attention to detail come in seventh place, behind technological literacy. Finally, the list is completed by skills related to working as a team; empathy, listening to others, leadership and social influence.

In this context, the majority of companies surveyed agree that investment in on-the-job learning and training and process automation are the most common people strategies they will adopt to achieve their organisations’ business goals.

11Onze is the community fintech of Catalonia. Open an account by downloading the super app El Canut for Android or iOS and join the revolution!

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11Onze Recommends, at the request of the community, has managed to get the provider to further improve Litigation Funding: you can now access the product with family or friends to get higher returns on your savings. The returns are quadruple the average returns of Spanish banks.

 

Litigation Funding is one of 11Onze Recommend’s most requested products, a fact that gives us the strength to ask for improvements from our provider. In this regard, some users noted that the best yields are achieved for higher amounts, which is a barrier to entry for many people.

As 11Onze’s chief financial officer, Farhaan Mir, explains: “To access the 9% per annum you have to contribute 25,000 euros and many people don’t have these amounts, but they also deserve to be able to save. So we thought, what can we do? We can’t ask for the amount to be reduced, but we can ask for it to be contributed by several people, so that, several people in the same family, or a group of friends, can save together. Each one with their documentation, transferring their amount and receiving the corresponding earnings in their account. The only requirement is that the aggregate amount corresponds to the amounts set by the provider.

Quadrupling the returns offered by banks

This move by 11Onze Recommends gives its community access to a savings product unheard of in the country. In October 2023, Spanish banks increased the interest paid to their clients, but they remain the lowest-yielding banks in Europe, offering an average yield of 2.3%. Litigation Funding, therefore, almost quadruples what Spanish banks offer and does so with extra security, as the funds are insured to cover the principal.

“You no longer need to save alone and miss out on the best offers. This would be unfair. Everyone should be able to save.

Community-saving

11Onze is thus reinforcing its community vision by now offering community-saving. “You no longer have to save alone and miss out on the best offers because you don’t have enough money. This would be unfair. Everyone should be able to save”, says Farhaan Mir. The product offered by our UK provider has become one of the star savings products. To find out more about the product, you need to be a member of 11Onze and go to the Litigation Funding section on our website.

 

If you are already a member of La Plaça you can request more information from our provider.

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Les reclamacions per operacions fraudulentes que els clients de la banca van presentar al Banc d’Espanya durant el 2022 duplicaven les de l’any anterior. Una gran part d’aquestes demandes es corresponen a operacions de pagament efectuades amb targeta o per transferència via internet. T’expliquem com protegir-te del frau bancari i quins passos has de seguir per fer una reclamació.

 

L’últim informe publicat pel Banc d’Espanya en què detalla el nombre de reclamacions i consultes ateses durant el 2022 deixa una imatge preocupant de la gestió tecnològica de la banca espanyola. Les reclamacions per operacions fraudulentes van augmentar un 109,1%, duplicant les de l’exercici anterior. Concretament, es van tramitar 34.146 reclamacions en el Departament de Conducta d’Entitats del Banc d’Espanya i gairebé una de cada tres reclamacions (10.361, el 30,3% del total) estava relacionada amb operacions de pagament efectuades amb targeta (86,1%) o per transferència via internet (13,9%).

Per entitats, CaixaBank, BBVA i Banc Santander són les que més reclamacions reben, principalment pel seu gran volum de negoci, tot i que CaixaBank i BBVA reben més reclamacions de les que els correspondria per quota de mercat. En tot cas, és un problema generalitzat que afecta pràcticament la totalitat de la banca espanyola i que no desapareixerà, atesa la creixent popularitat de les compres per internet.

En general, les aplicacions bancàries i els pagaments en línia són molt segurs, tanmateix, aquesta seguretat també depèn en gran manera del comportament del mateix usuari en evitar que les seves dades personals del compte bancari o de la seva targeta es vegin compromeses. Dit això, tots podem ser víctimes de cobraments sospitosos en el nostre compte o targeta, per tant, fem un repàs a les estafes bancàries més freqüents.

 

Phishing i Smishing

Les pràctiques del phishing i smishing destaquen com unes de les principals causes que hi ha al darrere de l’increment de les reclamacions al Banc d’Espanya. Consisteixen a enviar a la víctima un correu electrònic (phishing) o un missatge d’SMS/WhatsApp (smishing) parany, per a aconseguir dades personals, com ara contrasenyes, claus bancàries o números de compte i de targetes de crèdit. El correu o missatge dirigeix al client cap a un duplicat fals d’una pàgina web o una aplicació de mòbil molt semblant a alguna de les que utilitza normalment, com pot ser la d’una entitat bancària, de manera que hi entri i se li pugui robar la informació. Els falsos pretextos poden ser molt variats: actualització del sistema, verificació de dades, problemes tècnics. 

Per tant, desconfieu de correus electrònics o SMS que us semblin sospitosos i no els obriu. I, sobretot, no faciliteu les vostres dades privades d’accés als serveis bancaris. Les entitats bancàries mai us demanaran les vostres dades personals o contrasenyes per correu electrònic o missatge de text.

 

Vishing

El vishing no és res més que una variant de les estafes anteriors que, en aquest cas, s’executa per via telefònica. L’estafador es fa passar per un treballador d’una entitat bancària o una empresa real i facilita un enllaç de parany o demana les dades personals directament a la víctima.

Com en els casos anteriors, hem d’evitar facilitar les nostres dades personals. Així mateix, no et refiïs d’ofertes o promocions que semblen massa bones per a ser certes. En cas de dubte, sempre et pots posar en contacte amb l’entitat bancària o companyia a través dels seus canals oficials.

 

Com fer una reclamació

En cas que s’efectuïn operacions no autoritzades en el teu compte bancari. Primer, canvia les teves contrasenyes de tots els serveis en línia i fes una reclamació al Servei d’Atenció o Defensa del Client de l’entitat financera. Pots fer-ho amb el full oficial de reclamació o trucant al telèfon gratuït per a incidències i reclamacions, tot demanant el número de referència corresponent a la teva reclamació. 

Paral·lelament, pots interposar una denúncia en una comissaria dels Mossos d’Esquadra, però hi ha poques probabilitats de trobar al responsable directe del delicte, perquè sovint es tracta de grups delictius o de delinqüents que es troben fora del territori nacional.

Si en el termini de trenta dies no has obtingut resposta de l’entitat bancària, o bé la resposta no és satisfactòria, contacta amb l’oficina de consum del teu municipi. Si el banc no et reintegra l’import extret fraudulentament o la mediació no prospera, pots recórrer al Banc d’Espanya o a la via judicial. Recorda que si i l’import de la reclamació no supera els 2.000 euros, no et caldrà advocat ni procurador. Pots trobar més informació aquí.

Protegeix-te de les crisis econòmiques amb el valor refugi per excel·lència: l’or. Si vols que els teus estalvis tinguin valor el dia de demà, Or Patrimoni.

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Amid the debate on the changes that need to be made in education to reverse the low standards of Catalan students, 11Onze’s Director of Content and Media, Toni Mata, poses a new question: why aren’t the citizens of the future being educated financially?

 

So much has been said about the poor results of Catalan students in the PISA report that it seems the only solution will be to keep talking. Parole, parole, parole, as Xavier Massó of “Profesores de Secundaria” paraphrased a few days ago on Rac1. The truth is that suddenly, the country seems to be worried that young people don’t understand what they read. Is it a surprise? Is anyone interested in the new citizens learning something that will make them capable of living a fruitful life, as free and happy as possible? If this were the case, surely the educational curriculum would be quite different and financial education would surely play a central role.

In Catalonia, young people leave secondary school and high school without knowing how to read a payslip. Without understanding how taxes are calculated or what they do. Without having the remotest idea of how unemployment benefits or sick leave are calculated. Not understanding how money is created, what inflation is or how interest on a loan is calculated. How can our children be free citizens if they are unable to understand how to manage a commodity as essential to their lives as money? Some will say that in the humanistic and social baccalaureate, there is a subject of economics. And that is true. Well, not to worry then, I’m sure these students will teach it to the students of the other modalities.

And the adults?

They do not fare very well. According to OECD studies, only 34% of European adults have a minimum knowledge of financial literacy. It is most probably this widespread lack of knowledge that makes it possible for us to give so little importance to financial education. Secondary schools can indeed ask to participate in the financial education programme in schools. But here we are: which schools will ask about it if it is optional? How many workshops will be offered? And, above all, who will teach them? Behind the financial education programme in schools offered by the Generalitat, there are all the big Spanish and Spanish banks (formerly Catalan and Spanish). Are we really going to entrust the financial education of our sons and daughters to workshops given by bankers? And to what extent will the bankers be interested in our sons and daughters questioning whether the current model is acceptable?

It is disheartening to see the citizens of the future being denied basic tools for adult life: what do they know about financial education?

It is frankly disheartening to see how the Department of Education fails to provide our children with the minimum tools to understand the world and to flourish by themselves. But all of this makes great systemic sense because it guarantees generations of dependent and therefore very complacent citizens. If you don’t know how the world works, it is impossible to change it.

But everybody relax! The Department of Education announced the creation of a commission of experts where, for sure, there will be representatives of prestigious foundations which in turn are full of more experts and which are very well-endowed with grants. So when they meet in this commission they will be very happy and no one will raise their hand to ask if they have to hire experts, commissions and foundations to do the work of the Department of Education, what exactly is the Department of Education for? So we could go back to financial education, and we would realise that knowing how public money is managed is also a dangerous subject because someone might ask these kinds of questions that are not in anybody’s interest.

Let’s try to find a solution

At 11Onze, we have been committed to financial education since the beginning. There are courses available in Learn, we started to roll out the 11Onze School project, we launched the series El Diner, and we continue to educate and inform about economics and finance every day through 11Onze Magazine. We try to make the economy understandable so that citizens can make informed decisions.

But the absolute truth is that we citizens are on our own. And that the years go by and the feeling of loneliness increases. And that there is only one way forward: to come together and make an effort. Hence, 11Onze’s desire to create a financially educated community. Only education will set us free. And quite clearly, this is the problem.

 

11Onze és la fintech comunitària de Catalunya. Obre un compte descarregant l’app El Canut per Android o iOS. Uneix-te a la revolució!

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Provincial Courts, such as those of Cádiz, Zaragoza and Asturias, have condemned the Unión de Créditos Inmobiliarios (UCI), a finance company owned by Banco Santander, for breaching the rules of information transparency or declaring its system of capital amortisation null and void, with unaffordable repayments that have caused serious problems to many families.

 

During the years when the real estate bubble burst and amid a period of credit restrictions by the banks that have traditionally monopolised the largest shares of the mortgage market in Spain, Banco Santander was deriving high-risk mortgage loans from Unión de Créditos Inmobiliarios (UCI), its finance company, also owned by BNP Paribas.

These were mortgage loans that were unviable for most financial institutions because of the precarious economic situation of the customers requesting the loan, but which were approved by UCI. Faced with the need to buy a home or move house, thousands of young couples and families who had difficulty accessing a traditional mortgage loan opted for this alternative, which was presented to them as an attractive and affordable product. It is estimated that between 2009 and 2012, more than half a million mortgages of this type were marketed.

In most cases, these mortgages were marketed through real estate agencies that offered the management, negotiation and processing of mortgage loans with their real estate sales and purchase service. They acted as intermediaries for the UCI. Even so, the consumer only had contact with the UCI on the day of signing the contract in front of a notary, which is when he was faced with all the paperwork and small print.

 

An amortisation system with unaffordable repayments

As a general rule, Spanish banks’ mortgages are based on the French amortisation system, according to which the instalments you pay are constant or fixed and serve to pay part of the interest and part of the capital. During the first years of the mortgage, you pay more interest than capital, while in the last years almost all you pay is capital and the interest rate goes down.

Unlike these conventional mortgages, the principal repayment system of UCI mortgages establishes a very low fixed instalment during the initial period of the mortgage payment (between 5 and 10 years), but at an unusually high-interest rate, and the amount of interest that is not covered by the instalment is added to the capital of the loan. Therefore, debt continues to increase, generating new interest even if we keep up with the repayments. This is known in legal terms as anatocism and, in many cases, has generated exorbitant and unaffordable monthly repayments in the last years of the mortgage.

Although this is not an abusive practice per se and is included in the Commercial Code as legal, it is illegal and abusive for the consumer not to be informed of the economic scope of the clause. This is what has happened with these UCI mortgage loans when the applicable amortisation system was not even correctly specified in some of the mortgage contracts and many consumers were not informed diligently.

@atilalegal

UCI sabia lo que hacia y les dio igual llevar a miles de familias a la ruina con sus hipotecas. Ahora me enfrento a ellos y no pienso pararme en ningún punto del camino. Voy a llegar hasta el final y voy a pelear por TODO lo que les corresponde a mis clientes. Los bancos ya no salen impunes de esto. #uci #hipotecauci #hipoteca #psoe #pp #vox #prestamo #prestamohipotecario #usura #deuda #fondobuitre #bancos

♬ sonido original – Atila Legal – Atila Legal

The possibility of claiming IRPH

These mortgage loans used the Mortgage Loan Reference Index, better known as IRPH, as an alternative to EURIBOR for the calculation of interest on variable-rate mortgages. This value is obtained by calculating the average interest rate of the banks that grant mortgages on a monthly basis, which some courts consider may be abusive in its application.

After an in-depth analysis of users’ claims, on 13 July 2024, the European Court of Justice (CJEU) issued a ruling on the nullity of IRPH clauses, thus correcting the Supreme Court and establishing that customers have the possibility of claiming, but that the Spanish courts have to decide on each case individually, analysing whether certain standards of transparency were met when signing the mortgage contracts.

In other words, to be able to claim IRPH, judges have to check whether the clause in the contract has been drafted in a way that is understandable for the customer and whether it fits with the information the customer received from the bank before signing the contract. On the other hand, they assess whether the consumer was offered the possibility of contracting the loan referenced to EURIBOR, explaining the differences between one and the other.

@atilalegal

Declaran NULO el sistema de amortización de Uci. Aqui te explico porque siempre pagas más. Estamos preparando un paquete de miles de demandas contra Uci para que os devulevan todo vuestro dinero. Basta ya de usura! #hipoteca #prestamohipotecario #uci #bancos #prestamo #usura #psoe #pp #vox #dinero

♬ sonido original – Atila Legal – Atila Legal

An avalanche of consumer lawsuits

Although in the face of the claims of thousands of consumers affected by these mortgages, some Provincial Courts, such as those of Cádiz, Zaragoza and Asturias, had already ratified previous judgments of courts of first instance that condemned UCI for not having sufficiently explained the characteristics of these mortgages and for skipping the rules of informative transparency, declaring their amortisation system as null and void, the CJEU ruling opens the door to many more claims by affected consumers.

Thanks to this ruling of the Supreme Court, there is no specific deadline for claiming this abusive clause, since the claim can be filed at any time, even after the mortgage loan has been fully paid off. For this reason, some law firms have specialised in analysing these loans and determining whether the claim for abusive clauses is justified.

Once again, the banks will pay for having deceived their clients. Abusive practices have resulted in copious fines and penalties for these entities, as well as damage to their reputation, but which are periodically repeated in the face of a regulation and a sanctioning regime that continue to prove insufficient to guarantee consumer protection.

 

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We present a collection of the 11 best TikTok profiles made in Catalan. These young people have gained popularity on the trending social network by making videos in Catalan.

 

When we hear the word TikTok, the trending app born in China in September 2016 that allows us to make short music videos of up to 1 minute, many think that this platform is only dedicated to dancing, fashion, makeup, and fun. However, it brings us Catalans something more. Its use, in the hands of some young people, young influencers, has become a great tool for spreading and promoting Catalan. Today we want to let you know what we can consider the top eleven TikTokers which promote Catalan. Let’s get started!

  1. ferranxidk: Ferran, who lives between Girona and Barcelona, is a guy who makes funny videos, has more than 70,000 followers and accumulates more than 9 million likes on TikTok.
  2. long_lixue: This other well-known Catalan YouTuber, who lives in Girona and has Chinese nationality, also succeeds at TikTok. Well known for collaborating on iCat, he is also famous for fighting racism with millions of likes to his TikTok profile.
  3. sanyesmag: This young man from La Garrotxa is famous for his magic videos. He has more than 27,000 followers and half a million likes on TikTok. He is a strong promoter of Catalan through this social network.
  4. walter_capdevila: with nearly 200,000 followers and 5 million likes on the net, we could proclaim this Barcelonan the king of absurd humour. His TikTok profile is a guarantee of laughter.
  5. misstagless: here we have Sílvia, with 10,000 followers and more than 150,000 likes on TikTok. This Valencian fights for the use and defence of Valencian, playing with home-made humour and a lot of personality.
  6. filologa_de_guardia: this student of Catalan Philology is called Aida. Her TikTok profile has more than 5,000 followers and almost 50,000 likes. These will be your new Catalan online lessons!
  7. apitxat: here we have Xavier, with almost 50,000 followers and a million likes. He is another activist for the Valencian lands. You’ll have plenty of jokes and humour in Valencian.
  8. Can Putades: these girls are from La Garrotxa and live in Barcelona. They have 40,000 followers and almost 1 million likes. Their videos raise unknown words in Catalan from the Garrotxa region, among other funny videos of jokes from their day to day, without ceasing to have Catalan as the basis of their TikTok profile.
  9. Aroagr8: here we have Aroa and Paula, with 15,000 followers and over 130,000 likes. Famous from confinement, these two girls play with words according to their region, one in Girona and the other in Amposta. Listening to Catalan had never been so curious.
  10.  Bertaarocach: if you prefer a Catalan profile that sticks for its energy and its typical teenager performances that you will want to see time and time again, here is Berta. A profile with more than 100,000 followers and 4 million likes.
  11. julen_music: as we are in the summer, and with the sun we feel like dancing, we say goodbye with Julen’s profile. He makes some superb versions of well-known songs, playing with Txarango’s music, or doing a mix of Plats Bruts with music from the Friends show. He has about 10,000 followers and almost 90,000 likes on TikTok.

The previous TikTok profiles have thousands of followers on the trending social network, and best of all, they have gained popularity by showing themselves to the world in Catalan.

 

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Durant la Diada els catalans ens deixem endur pel romanticisme i els ídols de la resistència que van intentar preservar les llibertats. Casanova, Villarroel, Moragues, Carrasclet… però les guerres són una qüestió de diners i cal mirar-les amb fredor i autocrítica. Hi ha una colla de catalans que van optar per fer negoci amb l’invasor, essent així decisius per a la seva victòria.

 

Toni Mata. Director de continguts i mitjans d’11Onze.

 

Que les guerres les guanyen els diners és una cosa que se sap des de fa més de 2.400 anys. Ja ho va deixar escrit Tucídides parlant de les guerres del Peloponès. Però quan s’acosta l’11 de setembre els catalans tendim a treure la llista de greuges en lloc de posar-nos a pensar on la vam cagar. El cap del general Moragues exposat durant dotze anys en una gàbia, la brutalitat de la repressió, la resistència de Villarroel, la persistència de Carrasclet, el poble enterrant els traïdors fora muralles perquè “al Fossar de les Moreres no s’hi enterra cap traïdor”… Tot això està molt bé. Però qualsevol país que pretengui ser-ho s’ha de prendre una mica més seriosament a si mateix i deixar-se de romanços. Si l’any 1714 Catalunya va caure va ser perquè es va perdre una guerra i, si es va perdre va ser per molts factors. Un dels que va ser clau és el col·laboracionisme.

 

Qui es va fer ric amb la victòria de Felip V?

L’avenç de Felip V per Catalunya no hauria estat possible sense que una sèrie de catalans hi contribuïssin prioritzant el benefici econòmic individual per davant del país. Potser aquells ciutadans no tenien consciència de país, però qui sí que la tenia era l’exèrcit borbònic que, tal com explica l’historiador d’11Onze Oriol Garcia en aquest article, va mantenir el 65% de les seves tropes als Països Catalans durant anys per consolidar la invasió.

Efectivament, hi ha catalans que van decidir fer negoci amb els Borbons mentre aquests destruïen el país i les llibertats de tots. I es van fer rics! Es van fer rics subministrant aliments o tota mena de necessitats que tenia l’exèrcit invasor a mesura que avançava. Què hauria passat si aquests subministraments bàsics haguessin quedat tallats a la rereguarda? Felip V hauria pogut mantenir la contesa bèl·lica? Fa de mal dir, però és ben sabut que la flota naval austriacista (que comptava amb el suport català) era capaç de mantenir el subministrament de les seves tropes, però la borbònica no. Depenien del que poguessin comprar a terra ferma.

Per això, a 11Onze hem volgut demanar al nostre historiador que se submergís en els estudis sobre aquesta idea: quins catalans hi van guanyar amb la victòria de Felip V? És a dir, qui el va ajudar i se’n va beneficiar? I el resultat és espaordidor. Prop d’una trentena de famílies catalanes es van fer riques traint el seu propi país. Famílies que van obrir les portes a l’invasor i van ser convenientment recompensades amb contractes públics a partir de 1714. La nova elit catalana es va configurar durant la guerra de Successió. El poble intentava resistir, però alguns apostaven per intentar fer fortuna a costa d’entregar el país a l’enemic. Hem llistat els casos més rellevants, amb noms i cognoms, perquè més de 300 anys després siguem més conscients que mai que alguns catalans van tenir un paper clau en la derrota de Catalunya. 

 

Trencar la dependència

És el que en podríem anomenar, les paguetes de 1714, fent un símil amb la terminologia actual. La història és reiterativa i és imprescindible conèixer-la per detectar els errors que duen a les desgràcies. És possible defensar Catalunya i que el teu negoci o el de la teva família depengui directament dels ajuts espanyols de l’ICO? O el teu sou? La història diu que no. De la història sabem que és impossible parlar cara a cara o defensar-se d’algú de qui tens una dependència econòmica. I sabem que hi ha catalans capaços de vendre a Déu i a sa mare per un plat de llenties. La consciència nacional estava al segle XVIII (i potser ara?) en un segon terme, per a alguns.

En qualsevol cas, per començar a canviar les coses és ben clar que el primer que hem de fer és dir-nos la veritat. És un compromís que tenim a 11Onze. Per això hem volgut fer aquesta revisió històrica per poder-nos dir clarament: Catalunya no va ser derrotada el 1714 perquè fos abandonada pels anglesos. No tot és culpa d’algú altre. Catalunya va ser venuda per alguns catalans. 

Descobreix les famílies que es van enriquir amb la derrota de 1714 a 11Onze TV.

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You have probably heard of the sharing economy, i.e. all those activities that involve the exchange of goods and services between people. But what exactly characterises this model, and how can it be put into practice in the digital age?

 

Before the collaborative economy became a trend, its consumption was limited to the closest circle. Everything stayed at home, it was almost on a family scale. However, thanks to the Internet, it is possible to connect with people from all over the world with common interests. The digitalisation of society and the economic crisis have favoured the development of new business models and new forms of consumption.

The collaborative economy has several advantages. Firstly, it allows us to optimise resources, as we can make our products more useful. In addition, it also offers the end consumer greater variety. It is also a good model for making savings, because customers can buy second-hand goods and services at a lower price than the market price. All of this generates an ecosystem based on commitment, solidarity, and the generation of ideas, often from entrepreneurs with new businesses, which generate employment, wealth, and innovation.

On the other hand, it should also be borne in mind that the collaborative economy, being a model between individuals, doesn’t have a legally regulated market and competition is quite unfair. For this reason, it is a sector that gives rise to complaints and protests from the sectors affected, which can leave consumers unprotected.

Collaborative economy, a range of possibilities

Within this collaborative economy model, which is also typically referred to as the “sharing economy”, there are many types, with different functions, varying according to needs and products. There are, for example, collaborative consumption companies, which use digital platforms through which users contact each other to exchange goods or items, such as collaborative transport, collaborative accommodation and collaborative second-hand trade, among others.

There are also open knowledge companies, all those that promote the dissemination of knowledge without legal or administrative barriers. They can be presented on a day-to-day basis through computer platforms to which users with needs come. There is also the collaborative production model, digital interaction networks that promote the dissemination of projects or services of all kinds. The difference with the two previous models is that what is offered is also produced within these platforms.

Finally, there are the crowdfunding initiatives. Microcredits, loans, savings, donations, and financing channels are included in this subgroup, where users contact each other to cover needs in any of these aspects. The best example is crowdfunding platforms, a funding model for those who wish to donate to specific initiatives.

The four characteristics of the model

Despite the heterogeneity of the companies and industries that fall within this model, sharing economy companies can be described by four characteristics:

  1. They employ information technologies (ICT), available through web-based platforms such as mobile “apps” on internet-enabled devices, to facilitate transactions between two parties.
  2. They rely on user-based rating systems for quality control, ensuring a level of trust between consumers and service providers that did not exist before.
  3. They offer flexibility to workers because this team often delivers its services through digital matching platforms.
  4. The team has its own tools. To the extent that tools and assets are necessary to deliver a service, digital matching companies rely on workers to use their own.

In short, the collaborative economy model can help our companies grow, because it allows consumers to save money, because it is committed to sustainable development, because it promotes a new management of resources, because there is more choice and because, in the end, all of this brings environmental benefits.

 

11Onze is the community fintech of Catalonia. Open an account by downloading the app El Canut for Android or iOS and join the revolution!

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Is the pension system sustainable, how should social security change to cope with an ageing population, can we trust the state to continue paying pensions, and is it a good idea to depend on the decision of the government of the day? Professor of Political Economy, Jesús Huerta de Soto, answers these questions in the documentary series ‘Neither justice nor social’.

 

At 11Onze, our aim is to bring economic knowledge closer to the population so that everyone is aware of what is happening and can think about what to do. This Tuesday, we recommend a production that Value School has recently released. It is the documentary series ‘Ni justicia ni social’, directed by Jesús Huerta de Soto, Professor of Political Economy at the Universidad Rey Juan Carlos de Madrid.

Dependence on the State

The public pension system was created by Otto von Bismarck, the father of modern Germany and the first chancellor. In 1889, he founded the first pension system in history. And he did it for political reasons. At the time, he needed to halt the advance of socialism and, with this measure, he won the favour of the workers. Bismarck then had a very clear long-term goal: to make citizens dependent on the state.

This political measure was successful and spread throughout the world. In 1935, US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt (the father of the New Deal) created modern Social Security. He advocated a pay-as-you-go pension system, not a funded system. What is the difference? The funded system means that each worker sets aside a nominal portion of his or her salary and gets it back when he or she retires. Like a public pension plan: you generate your pension.

The pay-as-you-go system, on the other hand, is based on current workers paying for current pensions. In other words, the state has an inflow and outflow of money. In 1935, this was not a problem because in the United States there were 52 workers for every pensioner. Today, however, the European and American average is two workers for every pensioner. And so the system is collapsing. Even more so when you consider that pensions are higher than workers’ salaries. This means that maintaining the current pension system means destroying savings and, therefore, the economic capacity of workers.

But the pay-as-you-go pension system has the issue that it creates dependency on the part of workers when they retire. Savings have been destroyed because they do not have the capacity to save and because, moreover, they rely on the state to pay them a pension. Currently, 70% of Spanish retirees depend on their pensions. So what is to be done?

Recovering the model of the Second Republic

In Spain, before the coup d’état that led to the Civil War and the dictatorship, there was already what was called the ‘Régimen de capitalización en el retiro obrero’. That is, a system of nominal capitalisation for workers. Franco opted for the pay-as-you-go system and did so, obviously, by spending the money accumulated by the capitalisation system. This made him very popular, but he had just mortgaged the future of pensions.

In this episode of ‘Ni justicia, ni social’, Huerta de Soto advocates a return to the funded pension system. And he finds a way to prevent the change from one system to another from having a direct impact on public debt. An economic sleight of hand that depends exclusively on changing the financial system. Again, private banking is in the middle of the problem, but with courageous politicians it could also be halfway to the solution.

 

Episode 1 of ‘Ni justicia, ni social. Las pensiones’.

 

11Onze is the community fintech of Catalonia. Open an account by downloading the app El Canut for Android or iOS and join the revolution!

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