{"id":42788,"date":"2024-03-04T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-03-04T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.11onze.cat\/?p=42788"},"modified":"2024-03-04T09:18:59","modified_gmt":"2024-03-04T08:18:59","slug":"mineria-urbana-sostenibilidad-precaria","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.11onze.cat\/es\/magazine\/mineria-urbana-sostenibilidad-precaria\/","title":{"rendered":"Miner\u00eda urbana: una sostenibilidad precaria"},"content":{"rendered":"
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La \u201cmineria urbana\u201d, que consisteix a recuperar i reaprofitar els metalls presents en vehicles, motors, electrodom\u00e8stics, bateries i dispositius electr\u00f2nics, podria cobrir totes les nostres necessitats de metalls com l’or o el coure, sense necessitat d’obrir noves mines. Molts immigrants irregulars, uns 50.000 nom\u00e9s a Barcelona, sobreviuen gr\u00e0cies a aquesta activitat en condicions prec\u00e0ries.<\/b><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

L’elevada demanda d’alguns metalls est\u00e0 provocant l’obertura de noves mines<\/b>, que s\u00f3n poc sostenibles des d’un punt de vista mediambiental. De fet, la mineria tradicional genera cada any a la Uni\u00f3 Europea 150.000 milions de tones de runam i 12.000 milions de tones de llots. Una alternativa seria potenciar la mineria urbana. Es calcula que, a m\u00e9s de minimitzar la generaci\u00f3 de residus, la mesura permetria reduir un 76% la contaminaci\u00f3 dels aq\u00fc\u00edfers i un 40% el consum d’aigua.<\/span><\/p>\n

Malgrat l’augment de la demanda previst per a les pr\u00f2ximes d\u00e8cades, un <\/span>informe<\/a>\u00a0<\/span>d’Ecologistes en Acci\u00f3 adverteix que <\/span>la mineria urbana bastaria per a cobrir el 100% de les necessitats de metalls com l’or o el coure<\/b>, i m\u00e9s de la meitat de les de neodimi i n\u00edquel. En el cas del cobalt i el liti, la demanda dels quals est\u00e0 creixent exponencialment, la recuperaci\u00f3 serviria per a cobrir el 8,3% i el 2,7%, respectivament. No obstant aix\u00f2, gran part d’aquests metalls acaben desaprofitats en abocadors.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ni pagats ni reconeguts<\/b><\/h3>\n

Tot i que l’or es troba 100 vegades m\u00e9s concentrat en un tel\u00e8fon m\u00f2bil que en les mines de major llei, la recuperaci\u00f3 de metalls com aquest es veu frenada per motius econ\u00f2mics: amb la legislaci\u00f3 actual, <\/span>surt m\u00e9s a compte extreure’ls de les mines que recuperar-los dels aparells rebutjats<\/b>. I aix\u00f2 que part del proc\u00e9s sol fer-se de manera informal.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nom\u00e9s a Barcelona pot haver-hi m\u00e9s de 50.000 persones que cada dia realitzen llargues jornades recollint peces met\u00e0l\u00b7liques<\/b>, com <\/span>explica<\/span><\/a> Federico Demaria, professor d’Economia ecol\u00f2gica i Ecologia pol\u00edtica de la Universitat de Barcelona. En molts casos s\u00f3n subsaharians sense papers que no poden regularitzar la seva situaci\u00f3. De fet, l’1 de mar\u00e7 se celebra el Dia Mundial del Reciclador pel servei que presten aquest tipus de persones al medi ambient i a la societat de manera prec\u00e0ria. Sense ells, gran part de la ferralla acabaria en abocadors.<\/span><\/p>\n

A difer\u00e8ncia d’algunes empreses privades que cobren de l’Administraci\u00f3 per recollir, transportar i reciclar aquests materials, <\/span>aquests recicladors informals contribueixen a l’economia circular sense cap mena d’ajuda<\/b>. Es limiten a recollir el material met\u00e0l\u00b7lic de pisos i locals en obres, o el que troben al carrer, per a vendre’l a petites deixalleries legalitzades. Al seu torn, aquestes el canalitzen cap a la ind\u00fastria recicladora establerta, que mou milers de milions d’euros.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Una vida prec\u00e0ria<\/b><\/h3>\n

Un estudi del <\/span>Gremi de Recuperaci\u00f3 de Catalunya<\/span><\/a> calcula que del m\u00e9s de mig mili\u00f3 de tones de residus met\u00e0l\u00b7lics que es van recuperar a Catalunya l\u2019any 2013, almenys <\/span>una cinquena part l’havien recollit els recicladors informals<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Fa uns anys l’Ajuntament de Barcelona va impulsar la creaci\u00f3 d’Alencop, una cooperativa pionera que va regularitzar la situaci\u00f3 d’una trentena d’aquests recicladors informals. Tot i que aquesta iniciativa va haver de baixar la persiana arran de la pand\u00e8mia, part de la seva plantilla es va integrar en una empresa privada sense \u00e0nim de lucre anomenada <\/span>Andr\u00f2mines<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Els seus treballadors es poden considerar uns privilegiats dins d’un col\u00b7lectiu que malviu pels carrers de la Ciutat Comtal. I la situaci\u00f3 podria empitjorar per a molts d’ells per la seva falta de visibilitat. Cal no oblidar que <\/span>existeixen grans interessos econ\u00f2mics entorn de la ind\u00fastria del reciclatge<\/b>. Les empreses de gesti\u00f3 de residus, la majoria privades i amb plantilles subrogades, poden moure fitxa per a que el model de recollida s’emmotlli encara m\u00e9s als seus interessos i empenyi una mica m\u00e9s cap als marges als recicladors informals.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Si vols descobrir la millor opci\u00f3 per protegir els teus estalvis, entra a <\/b>Preciosos 11Onze<\/b><\/a>. T’ajudarem a comprar al millor preu el valor refugi per excel\u00b7l\u00e8ncia: l’or f\u00edsic.<\/b><\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Si t’ha agradat aquesta not\u00edcia, et recomanem:<\/h1>\n
\n
\n <\/a>\n
\n \"\"\n Estalvis<\/span>\n <\/div>\n
\n

L\u2019or<\/strong><\/p>\n 4min lectura<\/span>\n

Davant l\u2019emerg\u00e8ncia clim\u00e0tica, l\u2019economia tendeix a descarbonizarse.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n\n

\n <\/a>\n
\n \"\"\n Invertir<\/span>\n <\/div>\n
\n

Les virtuts de l\u2019or<\/strong><\/p>\n 4min lectura<\/span>\n

Com preservar el valor de les teves inversions quan tot sembla enfonsar-se?<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n\n

\n <\/a>\n
\n \"\"\n Estalvis<\/span>\n <\/div>\n
\n

La demanda d\u2019or es dispara<\/strong><\/p>\n 5min lectura<\/span>\n

La demanda d\u2019or en el m\u00f3n va augmentar un 18% l\u2019any 2022.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n
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\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":71,"featured_media":42782,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[171],"class_list":["post-42788","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sin-categorizar","tag-sostenibilidad"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMiner\u00eda urbana: una sostenibilidad precaria - 11Onze<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Un mejor aprovechamiento de la \u201cminer\u00eda urbana\u201d har\u00eda innecesaria la apertura de nuevas minas de oro y cobre.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.11onze.cat\/es\/magazine\/mineria-urbana-sostenibilidad-precaria\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Miner\u00eda urbana: una sostenibilidad precaria - 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