{"id":31035,"date":"2025-12-02T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-12-02T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.11onze.cat\/?p=31035"},"modified":"2025-11-17T15:52:09","modified_gmt":"2025-11-17T14:52:09","slug":"ejemplo-islandia-espana-no-seguir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.11onze.cat\/es\/magazine\/ejemplo-islandia-espana-no-seguir\/","title":{"rendered":"El ejemplo de Islandia que Espa\u00f1a no quiso seguir"},"content":{"rendered":"
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El rescat del sistema bancari espanyol va requerir la injecci\u00f3 de m\u00e9s de cent mil milions d’euros, que no van servir per a revitalitzar l’economia. Era possible una altra f\u00f3rmula? La veritat \u00e9s que Isl\u00e0ndia va sortir enfortida de la gran crisi financera que va viure entre 2007 i 2009.<\/b><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ara <\/span>fa deu anys de la decisi\u00f3 del Govern espanyol de prendre el control de Bankia<\/b>, en aquell moment la quarta entitat financera m\u00e9s gran de l’Estat. Ho va fer convertint en accions un pr\u00e9stec de gaireb\u00e9 4.500 milions d’euros. L’entitat va acabar fusionant-se al 2020 amb CaixaBank, o sent absorbida per aquesta \u00faltima entitat, segons com es vulgui veure.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cAqu\u00ed no hi ha un cost per als contribuents espanyols\u201d, deia Luis de Guindos, ministre d’Economia, durant els dies de la intervenci\u00f3. Per\u00f2 el que en principi no anava a tenir cost per a l’Estat <\/span>ha acabat amb una injecci\u00f3 de capital de m\u00e9s de 22.000 milions d’euros<\/b>, tot i que potser s’acaba recuperant una part algun dia.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bankia \u00e9s una m\u00e9s de la llista d’entitats financeres rescatades per l’Estat espanyol arran de la crisi financera de 2008<\/b>, que tamb\u00e9 va portar a la intervenci\u00f3 de Caja de Ahorros del Mediterr\u00e1neo, Banco de Valencia, CatalunyaCaixa, NovaCaixaGalicia, Unnim, Caja de Ahorros de Castilla-La Mancha, Cajasur, Banco Mare Nostrum, Banc CEISS, Banco Gallego, Banca C\u00edvica, Grupo Cajatres, Liberbank i Caja Rural Mota del Cuervo.<\/span><\/p>\n

En total, <\/span>el Tribunal de Comptes ha <\/b>quantificat<\/b><\/a> en m\u00e9s de 122.000 milions els recursos destinats a la reestructuraci\u00f3 d’aquestes entitats<\/b>, que han acabat absorbides pels grans bancs espanyols. El Fons de Reestructuraci\u00f3 Ordenada Banc\u00e0ria (FROB) va comprometre m\u00e9s de 77.000 milions d’euros; el Fons de Garantia de Dip\u00f2sits, m\u00e9s de 35.000 milions, i el Banc d’Espanya, gaireb\u00e9 10.000 milions.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Diners dif\u00edcils de recuperar<\/b><\/h3>\n

El Banc Central Europeu reconeixia en un <\/span>informe<\/span><\/a> elaborat al 2015 que <\/span>les injeccions de capital a la banca espanyola es van realitzar de manera que la devoluci\u00f3 dels diners p\u00fablics era inviable<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n

En realitat,<\/span> es va tractar d’una esp\u00e8cie de regal de milers de milions al \u2018lobby\u2019 bancari<\/b>. Molts t\u00edtols es van adquirir per un valor superior al real i era evident que una part important dels actius traspassats a la Societat de Gesti\u00f3 d’Actius Procedents de la Reestructuraci\u00f3 Banc\u00e0ria (Sareb) generarien p\u00e8rdues milion\u00e0ries a l’Estat. Segons <\/span>estimacions<\/span><\/a> del Banc d’Espanya, <\/span>la festa acabar\u00e0 costant al contribuent un m\u00ednim de 60.600 milions d’euros<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c9s justificable aquest desemborsament p\u00fablic? Despr\u00e9s de l’experi\u00e8ncia de la Gran Depressi\u00f3 estatunidenca pel crac de 1929, en la qual la caiguda del sector financer va tenir un efecte demolidor en la resta de l’economia, <\/span>molts experts han defensat la conveni\u00e8ncia de rescatar als grans bancs<\/b> per a evitar el col\u00b7lapse econ\u00f2mic.<\/span><\/p>\n

L’argument \u00e9s que per als contribuents resulta menys oner\u00f3s el rescat que les conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncies de la recessi\u00f3. Tot i aix\u00f2, no tots els pa\u00efsos han seguit l’ortod\u00f2xia acad\u00e8mica.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

La via islandesa<\/b><\/h3>\n

L’any 2000 Isl\u00e0ndia era un pa\u00eds de 300.000 habitants amb un PIB que no arribava als 10.000 milions d’euros. Per\u00f2 en pocs anys el seu sector bancari es va hipertrofiar gr\u00e0cies a suculents interessos que van atreure gran quantitat de dip\u00f2sits des d’altres pa\u00efsos.<\/span><\/p>\n

El boom de les seves entitats financeres va fer enlairar l\u2019economia del pa\u00eds<\/b>, que m\u00e9s que va doblegar el seu PIB entre 2001 i 2007. El cr\u00e8dit flu\u00efa a l’illa com si d’un mann\u00e0 es tract\u00e9s i la corona islandesa es va disparar en el mercat de divises.<\/span><\/p>\n

No obstant aix\u00f2, <\/span>la fallida de Lehman Brothers al setembre de 2008 va punxar la bombolla islandesa<\/b>. En pocs dies, les tres principals entitats financeres de l’illa (Glitnir, Landsbanki i Kaupthing) van declarar suspensi\u00f3 de pagaments.<\/span><\/p>\n

En lloc d’injectar milers de milions en aquests bancs privats,<\/span> Isl\u00e0ndia els va deixar caure i va crear noves entitats per a gestionar les restes del naufragi<\/b>. Despr\u00e9s de m\u00faltiples protestes, la dimissi\u00f3 d’un Govern i diversos refer\u00e8ndums, el pa\u00eds va decidir salvaguardar els dip\u00f2sits dels islandesos i va rebutjar fer-se c\u00e0rrec de l’enorme quantitat de dip\u00f2sits estrangers.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c9s cert que aquesta via no va sortir gratis als contribuents, ja que Isl\u00e0ndia va destinar un 20% del PIB a fer neteja del sector, segons <\/span>estimacions<\/span><\/a> de l’OCDE. Per\u00f2 <\/span>l’economia es va recuperar amb energia en els anys seg\u00fcents<\/b>. Despr\u00e9s d’una caiguda de gaireb\u00e9 un 40 % entre 2007 i 2009, el PIB va tornar a remuntar i al 2017 ja superava els nivells previs a la crisi. Per contra, <\/span>Espanya mai ha tornat a igualar els nivells de 2008<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

11Onze \u00e9s la comunitat fintech de Catalunya. Obre un compte descarregant l’app El Canut per <\/b>Android<\/b><\/a> o <\/b>iOS<\/b><\/a>. Uneix-te a la revoluci\u00f3!<\/b><\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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