{"id":53809,"date":"2026-05-05T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-05-05T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.11onze.cat\/?p=53809"},"modified":"2026-05-07T09:34:06","modified_gmt":"2026-05-07T07:34:06","slug":"gold-eternal-reflection-civilisations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.11onze.cat\/en\/magazine\/gold-eternal-reflection-civilisations\/","title":{"rendered":"Gold, the eternal reflection of civilisations"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"component text\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n\n\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <div class=\"col  col-lg-8  offset-lg-2\">\n        <h3><b>There is a golden thread that runs through the entire history of humanity. It is not found in books, nor in the borders of ancient empires, but it is as real as the stones of temples or the blood of conquests. That thread is gold. Not as a simple metal, but as a symbol laden with meaning: divinity, power, beauty, wealth, and control.\u00a0<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><b><br \/>\n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">From the moment humans discovered the ability to work with precious metals, <\/span><b>these metals became a mirror in which each civilisation projected its dreams and fears<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. For the Egyptians, gold was the flesh of the gods; for the Romans, the key to world domination; for the medieval Church, the materialisation of divine glory; and for modern states, the basis for controlling the global economy.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Over the centuries, gold has changed form, but not function. It has been <\/span><b>idolised and plundered, buried and unearthed, turned into currency, reliquary or state jewel<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. It has built palaces, but it has also destroyed empires. Not only that, but it has symbolised both eternity and decadence.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><b>Gold in Egypt, a reflection of solar divinity and Pharaonic eternity<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In Ancient Egypt, gold was not just a valuable resource. It was, literally, <\/span><b>the flesh of the gods<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This symbolic conception is reflected in many sacred texts, such as the \u201cBook of the Dead\u201d, which describes the relationship between the god Ra\u2014the supreme solar deity\u2014and the precious metal. Gold, impervious to corrosion and the passage of time, became <\/span><b>the perfect symbol of divine eternity<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The pharaohs, conceived as living incarnations of Horus and sons of Ra, used gold to legitimise and perpetuate their power. Not only did they decorate tombs and temples with this metal, but many <\/span><b>ritual objects, sarcophagi, masks and liturgical jewellery were also crafted from pure gold<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, such as the famous funeral mask of Tutankhamen (14th century BC), which in itself is an exaltation of gold as a symbol of immortality.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><b>Gold in Rome, currency of conquest and imperial rule<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If for the Egyptians gold was divine flesh, for the Romans it became the driving force of an empire. With Rome,<\/span><b> the noble metal was de-divinised and transformed into a tool of earthly power:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the foundation of a monetary system, the reward of a legionary, the key to bribery and the symbol of imperial greatness.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The first major step was taken by Julius Caesar, who between 46 and 44 BC <\/span><b>minted large quantities of aureus to finance his ambitious military expansion<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The aureus, a gold coin of the highest purity, was equivalent to 25 silver denarii and symbolised not only wealth but also authority.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><b>Gold in the Carolingian world: the sacralisation of power and the renewal of the Empire<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With the fall of Rome, the Western world entered a long period of transition. <\/span><b>But gold did not disappear: it changed hands and meaning<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. It was Charlemagne, King of the Franks and first Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, who reformulated the role of gold as a tool of political and religious legitimacy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">His reign, which lasted from 742 to 814, marked a turning point. In Aachen, the symbolic capital of his power, a monumental palatine chapel was built, inspired by the Byzantine model of San Vitale in Ravenna. Domes, mosaics, and relics framed in gold show that <\/span><b>the new Rome will not be a city, but an idea: the Renovatio Imperii Romanorum<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Charlemagne himself was crowned by surprise by Pope Leo III in 800, in a ceremony full of golden liturgy that sought to consolidate the alliance between the throne and the altar.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Renovatio Imperii Romanorum is thus based on a return to order, law and faith. Gold, in this context, is not a currency in regular circulation \u2014 since the Frankish economy is essentially rural \u2014 but a symbol of hierarchy, the sacred and mission. I<\/span><b>t is the halo of power incarnate<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Al-Andalus gold: splendour, refinement and wisdom<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At the same time, another vision of gold flourished on the Iberian Peninsula. Under Abd al-Rahman III, <\/span><b>the Caliphate of C\u00f3rdoba reached its peak, becoming one of the most brilliant cultural centres of the Middle Age<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Here, gold was not just power: it was refinement, science, and beauty.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Mosque of C\u00f3rdoba, enlarged and embellished during his reign, makes masterful use of gold in its interior decoration. Byzantine mosaics, imported directly from Constantinople, cover the mihrab with subtle gilding that captures the light and elevates the space. <\/span><b>Unlike Christian monumentality, here gold does not impose: it seduces<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Caliphate mints the dinar, a gold coin with Koranic inscriptions, which circulates throughout al-Andalus and the Maghreb, demonstrating the commercial and political dynamism of Islam on the peninsula. But it is not just an economic issue: <\/span><b>the dinar also acts as a calling card for Muslim power<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, at a time when calligraphy replaces iconography as an expression of faith.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The court of C\u00f3rdoba also became a centre for translation, astronomy, medicine, and philosophy. Gold financed libraries, schools, and gardens. In fact, <\/span><b>the people of C\u00f3rdoba understood wealth differently: not as accumulation, but as cultural fertility<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Thus, while the Carolingians reinforced the sacralisation of power with liturgical gold, the Umayyads of C\u00f3rdoba saw it as a way to project sophistication and intellectual leadership. Two ways of shining in the same era. <\/span><\/p>\n\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"component quote\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <div class=\"quote__content col col-lg-8 offset-lg-2\">\n        <div class=\"quote__content__img\">\n          <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.11onze.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/ORIOLGARCIAFARRE-768x768.png\" alt=\"\">\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"quote__wrapper\">\n          <div class=\"row\">\n            <div class=\"col col-lg-10 offset-lg-1\">\n              <blockquote>\n                <p><b>The Renovatio Imperii Romanorum is thus based on a return to order, law and faith. Gold, in this context, is not a currency in regular circulation \u2014 since the Frankish economy is essentially rural \u2014 but a symbol of hierarchy, the sacred and mission.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n\n                <span class=\"quote__content__author\">Oriol Garcia Farr\u00e9, historian and 11Onze Agent.<\/span>\n              <\/blockquote>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"component text\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n\n\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <div class=\"col  col-lg-8  offset-lg-2\">\n        <h3><b>Feudal gold: financing churches, castles, and crusades<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The European Middle Ages were a fragmented, rural and theocratic world. In this context, gold\u2014scarcer than in previous eras\u2014took on a heightened value: it was not only wealth, but also a means of <\/span><b>accessing divine grace or projecting feudal authority<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With the start of the Crusades in the 11th century, this metal began to move on a large scale once again. The expedition of the European monarchies to Jerusalem cannot be understood without the financial support of the feudal lords, who mortgaged lands, sold titles and even ceded castles to obtain gold. Under the religious pretext, <\/span><b>the real objective was the possession of territories in the Holy Land, as spoils of war and control of the trade routes between East and West<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thus, medieval gold was not everyday currency\u2014silver dominated minor transactions\u2014but <\/span><b>it was a privileged instrument for connecting land, faith, and sword<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Its presence in relics, altarpieces and processional crosses testifies to a value that transcends economics: <\/span><b>gold as a visual language of transcendence<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>The gold of Mali: African splendour and global impact<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While Europe ploughed fields and built cathedrals, an empire of bewildering wealth flourished in the heart of Africa: the Mali Empire. And its most emblematic ruler, Mansa Musa I, has gone down in history\u2014not only for his devotion\u2014but for being <\/span><b>the richest person humanity has ever known<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">His journey to Mecca in 1324 is legendary. According to the Arab historian <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ibn Fadlallah al-Umari<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Musa distributed so many kilos of gold in the markets of Cairo that the price of the metal plummeted for a decade. He brought thousands of slaves, horses, and camels laden with pure gold from the mines of Bambouk and Bure, in present-day Mali. This episode is not a romantic exaggeration: it is documented by various sources and even appears <\/span><b>in the famous Catalan Atlas (1375), where Mansa Musa is depicted holding a golden sphere in his hand<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">His reign marked a cultural and architectural explosion: the great mosque of Djenn\u00e9 was founded, and the city of Timbuktu became a centre of learning, where manuscripts were copied and Greco-Arabic knowledge was preserved. <\/span><b>Mali&#8217;s gold was not used to conquer: it was used to educate, trade and establish relations with the Islamic and Mediterranean worlds<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"hs-cta-embed hs-cta-simple-placeholder hs-cta-embed-253685616888\" style=\"max-width: 100%; max-height: 100%; width: 1200px; height: 480px;\" data-hubspot-wrapper-cta-id=\"253685616888\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cta-eu1.hubspot.com\/web-interactives\/public\/v1\/track\/redirect?encryptedPayload=AVxigLI240ymV8l0af5voVkhEbjRjyrzer5%2BN%2Figjsfwypl6sW4MBhrBGT4Ns7N57flthMtizOUYbd5ErxY%2FYb44naq0KsdFj27RcnJBBtrtxDgPznlfcmfKOrndDWUh6smPIRJ19pWcn3ND6GhdRl9MeqnOTAlYA90c7S1OCaWTwkTiwQuah98DaP9L2skfOQ1VzHJSqidH0nOXIVmK3te8GHy2ldepl%2BJbHfiYRmrSucf0k7jjCMxKCezjCzjGcngxC%2FmNOJpDeM5T0lewUFZrfHXwoVRc6TIvqSjhJCSc8sYpqv0G7Hqf9cw%2FPJ3C%2FmZHlQkw&amp;webInteractiveContentId=253685616888&amp;portalId=24960543\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" style=\"height: 100%; width: 100%; object-fit: fill;\" src=\"https:\/\/hubspot-no-cache-eu1-prod.s3.amazonaws.com\/cta\/default\/24960543\/interactive-253685616888.png\" alt=\"\" \/><br \/>\n<\/a><\/div>\n\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"component text\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n\n\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <div class=\"col  col-lg-8  offset-lg-2\">\n        <h3><b>Mexico&#8217;s gold: sacred symbol and sweat of the sun<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When the Spanish conquistadors set foot in Tenochtitlan in 1519, they were so impressed by the order, symmetry, and monumentality of the city that Cort\u00e9s himself compared it to Venice. <\/span><b>But there was one element that eclipsed all others: gold<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the Aztec religious universe, gold was not currency or an accumulable asset. <\/span><b>It was, literally, the sweat of the sun \u2014teocuitlatl\u2014, a sacred material that could only be worked by specialised craftsmen<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the Toltecs. It was used to make masks, ceremonial discs, ornaments for the gods and ritual objects. Its function was symbolic and spiritual, not commercial. Unlike in Europe, there were no gold coins or banking systems here, but rather an economy based on tribute and barter, with cocoa as the most common means of payment.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Moctezuma II, emperor of the Aztecs, maintained a refined court <\/span><b>where gold was part of divine worship and state ceremonies<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Sources such as Cort\u00e9s&#8217;s Letters of Relation and Bernal D\u00edaz del Castillo&#8217;s True History of the Conquest of New Spain describe the riches of the imperial palace with fascination and greed: \u2018They had so many pieces of gold, so beautiful and mysterious, that no Christian king possessed any like them.\u2019<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But that same gold, <\/span><b>which was sacred in Aztec logic, was capital to the Europeans<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The misunderstanding between the two visions was absolute. The Aztecs offered gold to Cort\u00e9s as a sign of respect and hospitality. He interpreted it as submission. <\/span><b>From then on, the plundering began<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Gold in Castile: from greed to imperial decline<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With the conquest of America, the Spanish monarchy\u2014first under the Catholic Monarchs, and later under Charles I and Philip II\u2014gained access to quantities of gold and silver that had been unthinkable until then. <\/span><b>Between 1503 and 1660 alone, it is estimated that more than 180 tonnes of gold and 16,000 tonnes of silver arrived in Seville from the colonies, especially Peru and Mexico<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This flow, known as the \u201cgold of the Indies\u201d, became the backbone of Castilian imperial power.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But this treasure, far from consolidating a stable empire, <\/span><b>poisoned the peninsular economy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Gold made it possible to wage continuous wars in Flanders and Italy, but it was not reinvested in productive structures. Unlike England or Holland, Castile opted for military spending and imports, causing rampant inflation and foreign dependence. The metaphor is clear: a rich empire\u2026 but a poor one.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><b>Philip II symbolises this paradox<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Under his reign, El Escorial was built, a palace-monastery-fortress that was intended to be both the religious and administrative centre of the empire. Its architecture is severe, hieratic, almost otherworldly, but laden with symbols of power. The gold does not shine as it does at Versailles: it weighs heavily. <\/span><b>It is the material reminder of an empire that aspires to dominate the world from a stone desert.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Papal gold: from luxury to eternal art<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In Rome, however, gold takes on another function. With the Renaissance, <\/span><b>the Catholic Church promotes artistic and spiritual renewal&#8230; and gold becomes God&#8217;s favourite pigment<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Pope Julius II, known as \u201cthe warrior pope\u201d, understood that in order to reaffirm Rome&#8217;s spiritual power, it was necessary to master the language of beauty. And gold was the perfect medium.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">During his pontificate, he hired the best artists of the time: Michelangelo, Raphael, Bramante&#8230; and promoted the construction of the new St. Peter&#8217;s Basilica, with a dome that still defines the Roman skyline today. <\/span><b>Gold covers altars, domes, frescoes, liturgical objects and altarpieces<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. But here it is not just belief: it is a visual catechesis. The message is clear: the glory of God must be tangible. In a Europe divided by the first Protestant criticisms, Rome speaks through art. And gold becomes the language of faith. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Gold in France: the backdrop for absolute power<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If in Rome gold is sacred art, <\/span><b>in France it becomes the theatre of absolute power<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. With Louis XIV \u2014the Sun King\u2014 Versailles is transformed into a monumental backdrop where every cornice, every mirror and every golden ornament communicates a single idea: everything revolves around the king. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The gold of Versailles is not used to pay for wars\u2014of which there will be many, as it is the basis of mercantilism\u2014nor to convince the people\u2014who are starving\u2014but to project the myth of the omnipotent monarch. <\/span><b>In the words of Louis XIV himself: \u2018I am the State.\u2019<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This means that gold is not distributed: it is concentrated. In the Hall of Mirrors, with more than 350 mirrors facing 17 gilded windows, <\/span><b>the multiple reflections of the king create an illusion of infinity<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. It is the theatricalisation of power made palace.<\/span><\/p>\n\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"component quote\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <div class=\"quote__content col col-lg-8 offset-lg-2\">\n        <div class=\"quote__content__img\">\n          <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.11onze.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/ORIOLGARCIAFARRE-768x768.png\" alt=\"\">\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"quote__wrapper\">\n          <div class=\"row\">\n            <div class=\"col col-lg-10 offset-lg-1\">\n              <blockquote>\n                <p><b>Between 1503 and 1660 alone, it is estimated that more than 180 tonnes of gold and 16,000 tonnes of silver arrived in Seville from the colonies, especially Peru and Mexico. This flow, known as the \u201cgold of the Indies\u201d, became the backbone of Castilian imperial power.<\/b><\/p>\n\n                <span class=\"quote__content__author\">Oriol Garcia Farr\u00e9, historian and 11Onze Agent.<\/span>\n              <\/blockquote>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"component text\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n\n\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <div class=\"col  col-lg-8  offset-lg-2\">\n        <h3><b>Gold in England: regulation, trust and an invisible empire<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With the advent of the Industrial Revolution and the development of the modern banking system, <\/span><b>gold no longer circulates in sacks or carriages<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Now, it is stored in security vaults and underpins the value of currency. It is the era of the gold standard. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">England, a pioneer in centralised banking, <\/span><b>established the gold standard in 1717 with the reform of the monetary system led by Isaac Newton<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, then director of the Royal Mint. Newton officially set the value of the pound sterling based on a specific amount of gold. This established a new relationship: gold = trust.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Goldsmiths&#8217; Company of London, founded in 1327, <\/span><b>became one of the key institutions in the development of this system<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Initially a guild of goldsmiths, it eventually evolved into a regulatory body and guarantor of the weight and purity of gold, creating standards that still govern the market today (Good Delivery List). <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With the gold standard, <\/span><b>the major industrial powers stabilised their currencies and generated international confidence<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Gold does not need to be seen, it is enough to know that it is there. And so an invisible empire was built, with central banks holding tons of gold \u2014 such as the Bank of England or the Federal Reserve Bank of New York \u2014 making the metal a silent pillar of the world order.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Gold became the dollar. And the world became dollarised<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After two world wars, European states are ruined, but the United States retains massive gold reserves. Thus, in July 1944, in Bretton Woods (New Hampshire), a new international monetary system is decided: <\/span><b>all currencies will be linked to the dollar, and the dollar in turn to gold: \u00a335 per ounce of gold<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thus, <\/span><b>the dollar becomes the new gold, and the United States its manager<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This decision transforms the world: international trade, finance, diplomatic relations&#8230; everything begins to revolve around the dollar. It is a monetary hegemony with a gold base. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But at the same time, the great contradiction began: t<\/span><b>he US printed more dollars than it could back with gold<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Europe and Japan grew, the Vietnam War became extremely expensive, and confidence faltered. Suddenly, gold weighed too much&#8230; or too little.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>The dollar abandons the gold standard. The world is thrown off balance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On 15 August 1971, <\/span><b>Richard Nixon unilaterally announces the suspension of the dollar&#8217;s convertibility into gold.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The Bretton Woods system collapses. For the first time, money no longer has an objective physical reference. Now, its value is based solely on trust and the management of central banks. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This marks the beginning of the era of fiat money, <\/span><b>in which banknotes and digital zeros have value because&#8230; we decide they do<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This opens the door to debt expansion, financial liberalisation and speculative bubbles.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Meanwhile, gold \u2014 expelled from the system \u2014 once again grows as a safe-haven asset. The oil crises (1973 and 1979), rampant inflation in the 1980s, the fall of the Berlin Wall and the financial crises of the 21st century (2008, 2020&#8230;) mean <\/span><b>that gold is once again considered insurance against uncertainty<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"component gallery\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <div class=\"col col-lg-10 offset-lg-1\">\n        <div id=\"slider_1\" class=\"carousel slide\" data-wrap=\"false\" data-interval=\"false\">\n          <div class=\"carousel-inner\">\n            <div class=\"carousel-item active\">\n              <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"d-block w-100\" src=\"https:\/\/www.11onze.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/HERO_IMAGE_Or_Reflex_Civilitzacions_3-1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\n              <div class=\"carousel-caption\">\n                <p><b>Gold, the eternal reflection of civilisations.<\/b><\/p>\n\n              <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"component text\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n\n\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <div class=\"col  col-lg-8  offset-lg-2\">\n        <h3><b>When all else fails, gold remains.<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Today, in the 21st century, when cryptocurrencies are fluctuating wildly, public debt is reaching astronomical levels, and mistrust of institutions is becoming chronic, <\/span><b>gold remains a silent but powerful benchmark<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Central banks in <\/span><b>countries such as China, Russia, Turkey, and India are buying tonnes of gold to de-dollarise their reserves<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Institutional investors see it as insurance against inflation and volatility. And more and <\/span><b>more citizens see it as a form of personal sovereignty, outside the banking system<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gold does not pay interest. It does not promise returns. But it does not lie. It is tangible, finite, universally recognised. When everything else falters \u2014 when stock markets fall, when governments falter, when currencies fluctuate \u2014 gold remains. And that is why, after millennia, <\/span><b>it remains the eternal reflection of civilisations<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Protecting savings with physical gold has been one of the main contributions of 11Onze to its community and, now, the range of products is expanding. Therefore, in the face of volatility, still high inflation and the growing crisis of confidence in the banking system, gold is once again strengthening as a safe-haven asset. Discover <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.11onze.cat\/en\/gold-seed\/\"><b>Seed Gold<\/b><\/a><b> at <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.11onze.cat\/en\/preciosos-11onze\/\"><b>Preciosos 11Onze<\/b><\/a><b>.<\/b><\/p>\n\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"component cards\">\n  <div class=\"container\">\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <div class=\"col col-xl-8 offset-xl-2\">\n        <h1>If you would like to learn more about this topic, we recommend:<\/h1>\n        <div class=\"cards__wrapper\">\n          <div class=\"card\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.11onze.cat\/en\/magazine\/gold-industry-contribute-society\/\" class=\"card-link\" target=\"_self\"><\/a>\n            <div class=\"card-img\">\n              <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.11onze.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/THUMBNAIL_Industria_Or-768x512.jpg\" class=\"card-img-top\" alt=\"\">\n                <span class=\"card-category\">Culture<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"card-body\">\n              <p class=\"card-title p2\"><strong>What does the gold industry contribute to society?<\/strong><\/p>\n              <span class=\"card-time\">14 min read<\/span>\n              <p class=\"card-text small\">There are currently 238 active gold mines in 36 countries&#8230;<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n\n\n          <div class=\"card\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.11onze.cat\/en\/magazine\/gold-prices-hold-near-record-highs\/\" class=\"card-link\" target=\"_self\"><\/a>\n            <div class=\"card-img\">\n              <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.11onze.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/THUMBNAIL_Preu_Or_Maxims_historics-768x512.jpg\" class=\"card-img-top\" alt=\"\">\n                <span class=\"card-category\">Culture<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"card-body\">\n              <p class=\"card-title p2\"><strong>Gold prices hold near record highs<\/strong><\/p>\n              <span class=\"card-time\">14 min read<\/span>\n              <p class=\"card-text small\">Driven by the start of interest rate cuts by the Federal&#8230;<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n\n\n          <div class=\"card\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.11onze.cat\/en\/magazine\/current-state-extractive-system\/\" class=\"card-link\" target=\"_self\"><\/a>\n            <div class=\"card-img\">\n              <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.11onze.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/THUMBNAIL_Actualitat_extractiu-768x512.png\" class=\"card-img-top\" alt=\"\">\n                <span class=\"card-category\">Culture<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"card-body\">\n              <p class=\"card-title p2\"><strong>The current state of the extractive system<\/strong><\/p>\n              <span class=\"card-time\">14 min read<\/span>\n              <p class=\"card-text small\">As with the resolution of past conflicts, the meeting of the&#8230;<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n\n              <\/div>\n              <br>\n              <br>\n              <div class=\"cards__wrapper\">\n\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":57,"featured_media":53800,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[178],"class_list":["post-53809","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-cultue"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Gold, the eternal reflection of civilisations -11Onze<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"From Pharaonic tombs to central banks, gold has been much more than just a metal. 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