{"id":42932,"date":"2025-04-28T20:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-04-28T18:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.11onze.cat\/?p=42932"},"modified":"2026-03-12T09:00:12","modified_gmt":"2026-03-12T08:00:12","slug":"cbdc-monetary-utopia-dystopia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.11onze.cat\/en\/magazine\/cbdc-monetary-utopia-dystopia\/","title":{"rendered":"CBDC: monetary utopia or dystopia?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Sigui quin sigui el futur dels diners, sembla que les monedes digitals emeses pels bancs centrals no acaben d’arrencar. Tots els projectes pilot per implementar CBDC han fracassat o estan estancats. Els governs argumenten que s\u00f3n una eina per a fer la nostra vida m\u00e9s f\u00e0cil, mentre obvien esmentar que tamb\u00e9 augmenten la seva capacitat de rastrejar, controlar i castigar la ciutadania.<\/b><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

La tecnologia <\/span>blockchain<\/span><\/a> ha revolucionat la manera en qu\u00e8 les persones interactuen amb els diners i els sistemes financers. Amb l’arribada de les criptomonedes s’han creat nous sistemes monetaris descentralitzats que no estan controlats per cap entitat governamental o financera.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Tot i la seva volatilitat,<\/span> la popularitat de monedes digitals com el bitcoin suposen una amena\u00e7a pel sistema financer tradicional<\/b>, un canvi de paradigma que fa trontollar la posici\u00f3 privilegiada dels governs a l\u2019hora d\u2019exercir control sobre la ciutadania a trav\u00e9s de les finances.<\/span><\/p>\n

Davant d\u2019aquest escenari, els <\/span>bancs centrals d’arreu del m\u00f3n han comen\u00e7at a explorar la possibilitat d’emetre monedes digitals recolzades pel govern, <\/b>conegudes com a CBDC (Central Bank Digital Currency). Aquestes monedes serien emeses i regulades pel banc central d’un pa\u00eds, i el seu valor estaria lligat a la moneda del pa\u00eds, o dit d\u2019altra manera, basat en la confian\u00e7a en el govern que l’emet.<\/span><\/p>\n

Es tracta d\u2019un model similar a les <\/span>stablecoins<\/span><\/a> o monedes estables, un tipus de criptomoneda vinculada al valor d\u2019una moneda fiduci\u00e0ria, com el d\u00f2lar estatunidenc. Aix\u00f2 significa que el seu valor no fluctua tant com el d\u2019altres criptomonedes, la qual cosa les fa m\u00e9s atractives per al seu \u00fas en pagaments digitals. Per\u00f2 <\/span>a difer\u00e8ncia de les CBDC, les stablecoins estan descentralitzades,<\/b> \u00e9s a dir, no s\u00f3n monedes digitals emeses, regulades i controlades pels bancs centrals de cada pa\u00eds.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

En defensa de les CBDC<\/b><\/h3>\n

Les monedes digitals emeses pels bancs centrals podrien <\/span>millorar significativament l’efici\u00e8ncia i la seguretat de les transaccions financeres<\/b>. Les transaccions amb CBDC serien instant\u00e0nies i podrien reduir els costos de processament de pagaments per a empreses i consumidors, que ara mateix pertany al duopoli gaireb\u00e9 universal que tenen Visa i Mastercard. Aix\u00ed mateix, no \u00e9s cap secret que el control d\u2019aquestes multinacionals per part del govern dels Estats Units, suposa una amena\u00e7a per la sobirania de qualsevol pa\u00eds no-alineat amb els interessos geopol\u00edtics i econ\u00f2mics del gegant americ\u00e0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Per altra banda, les CBDC podrien ajudar a reduir l’economia submergida, ja que serien m\u00e9s dif\u00edcils d’amagar que els diners en efectiu i menys an\u00f2nimes que les criptomonedes. Concretament, <\/span>la completa tra\u00e7abilitat sobre les transaccions financeres facilitaria l’establiment de mecanismes de control<\/b>, la qual cosa disminuiria el risc de frau.<\/span><\/p>\n

Addicionalment, fomentarien la inclusi\u00f3 financera, facilitant un acc\u00e9s f\u00e0cil i segur als diners a les poblacions sense acc\u00e9s bancari o amb acc\u00e9s limitat. A m\u00e9s, podrien ser <\/span>una alternativa als diners en efectiu en situacions extremes,<\/b> com ara cat\u00e0strofes en les quals no es tingui acc\u00e9s a l\u2019efectiu i quan els mitjans de pagament tradicionals, com els TPV, no funcionin.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Una soluci\u00f3 a un problema inexistent?<\/b><\/h3>\n

Alg\u00fa podria pensar que, <\/span>en termes pr\u00e0ctics, les monedes digitals estatals ja fa anys que existeixen<\/b>, perqu\u00e8, de fet, la majoria de pa\u00efsos ja tenen versions digitals de la seva moneda que els ciutadans fan servir di\u00e0riament en les transaccions banc\u00e0ries i el comer\u00e7. Per tant, quines motivacions que hi ha darrere de la pressa que tenen els bancs centrals per implantar una nou model de moneda digital pr\u00f2pia?<\/span><\/p>\n

A mesura que avancem cap a la total implementaci\u00f3 dels diners digitals, <\/span>la llibertat de fer el que vulguem amb els nostres diners, de manera an\u00f2nima o sense el control de l\u2019Estat, cada vegada \u00e9s m\u00e9s limitada<\/b>. En aquest context, les criptomonedes ofereixen una alternativa a l\u2019statu quo, democratitzant la creaci\u00f3 de moneda mentre dilueixen el monopoli bancari tradicional.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aix\u00f2, evidentment, no agrada a tothom, especialment als estats i a les institucions financeres. <\/span>Christine Lagarde, presidenta del Banc Central Europeu, deixava clar que no li agrada veure un nou per\u00edode de “banca lliure” gr\u00e0cies a les criptomonedes<\/b>, i que les CBDC s\u00f3n necess\u00e0ries per a mantenir el paper dels bancs centrals.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Un sistema monetari f\u00e0cilment controlable<\/b><\/h3>\n

I \u00e9s precisament aqu\u00ed on es concentren les cr\u00edtiques a les CBDC, s\u2019elimina la privacitat que ara tenim amb els diners f\u00edsics i les criptodivises. Amb la implantaci\u00f3 de les seves monedes digitals, els governs tindran <\/span>un control sobre els nostres diners sense precedents<\/b>, sabent exactament com els gastem i amb la capacitat de parar pagaments o confiscar-los.<\/span><\/p>\n

Es tractaria d\u2019un sistema monetari <\/span>completament programable, per la qual cosa tamb\u00e9 pot parar pagaments a unes certes \u00e0rees o grups de persones<\/b>. Serveixi d\u2019exemple com va actuar el govern canadenc davant les protestes dels camioners durant el \u201ccomboi de la llibertat\u201d, bloquejant els comptes corrent de m\u00e9s de 200 simpatitzants de les protestes.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aix\u00ed mateix, es pot limitar el seu per\u00edode de validesa, proporcionant un incentiu per al consum,\u00a0<\/span>en lloc d’estar limitat per un llindar zero en els tipus d’inter\u00e8s, els governs podrien <\/span>imposar tipus negatius als comptes digitals per a controlar el creixement econ\u00f2mic<\/b>. Les possibilitats s\u00f3n infinites, especialment si s\u2019asseguren que no hi ha una alternativa.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

11Onze \u00e9s la fintech comunit\u00e0ria de Catalunya. Obre un compte descarregant la super app El Canut per <\/b>Android<\/b><\/a> o <\/b>iOS<\/b><\/a>. Uneix-te a la revoluci\u00f3!<\/b><\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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